See bruken on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"brûken",
"bruken#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"brūkan",
"brukan#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "brûken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German brûken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pagename",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "bruukt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "bruuk",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "bruukt",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 6 6 7 6 7 6 6 8 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "59 4 4 5 4 5 4 4 6 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"english": "You don’t need to wait for me.",
"text": "Du bruukst nich op mi to töven.",
"translation": "You don’t need to wait for me.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)"
],
"id": "en-bruken-nds-verb-KoJdLc8-",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"alleen",
"alleen#Low_German"
],
[
"möten",
"möten"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"gebrūken",
"gebruken#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"gibrūkan",
"gibrukan#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"*gabrūkaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gabrūkaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "gebrūken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German gebrūken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "gibrūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gibrūkan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gabrūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną. See Etymology 1 above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pagename",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "bruukt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "bruuk",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "bruukt",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"id": "en-bruken-nds-verb-1sSLc2ib",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "gebruken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "misbruken"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "ontbruken"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "bruiken"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "broeke"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*brūkan",
"Reconstruction:Old Dutch/brukan"
],
[
"*brūkan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brūkan"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *brūkan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brūkan, from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruucs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruucs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruken",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruken",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bruk"
},
"name": "dum-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 30 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"id": "en-bruken-dum-verb-1sSLc2ib",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 30 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to enjoy (the use/benefit of)"
],
"id": "en-bruken-dum-verb-iUpWnz6E",
"links": [
[
"enjoy",
"enjoy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 30 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to lease (of land)"
],
"id": "en-bruken-dum-verb-GPzbUxcf",
"links": [
[
"lease",
"lease"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "22 30 22 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to sell (of small things)"
],
"id": "en-bruken-dum-verb-DmPVeQbO",
"links": [
[
"sell",
"sell"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "bruken"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruge"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brúka"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brúka"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruke"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruke"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brükot"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ruukata"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruka"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"brūkan",
"brukan#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "osx:brūkan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰrewHg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*brūkaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*brūkan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Saxon\", \"term\" : \"brūkan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"osx\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Low German\", \"term\" : \"bruken\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gml\" }\" data-lang=\"gml\" data-title=\"bruken\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Saxon brūkan",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brûken",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gml-verb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brûken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tô brûkene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tô brûkende",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "brûken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkende",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brûke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gebrûket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brûket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brûke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brûke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkedest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkedest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brûket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brûken (brûket)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkeden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "brûken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkeden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "verb",
"head": "brûken"
},
"expansion": "brûken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brûken",
"10": "brûket",
"11": "brûken (brûket^?)",
"12": "brûkede",
"13": "brûkedest",
"14": "brûkede",
"15": "brûkeden",
"16": "brûke",
"17": "brûkest",
"18": "brûket",
"19": "brûken",
"2": "tô brûkene or tô brûkende",
"20": "brûkede",
"21": "brûkedest",
"22": "brûkede",
"23": "brûkeden",
"24": "brûke",
"25": "brûkest",
"26": "brûket",
"27": "brûken (brûket¹)",
"28": "brûkede",
"29": "brûkedest",
"3": "brûken or brûkent",
"30": "brûkede",
"31": "brûkeden",
"32": "brûke",
"33": "brûkest",
"34": "brûket",
"35": "brûken",
"36": "brûkede",
"37": "brûkedest",
"38": "brûkede",
"39": "brûkeden",
"4": "brûkende",
"5": "gebrûket",
"6": "brûke",
"7": "brûket",
"8": "brûke",
"9": "brûkest",
"head": "<i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gml\">bruken</i> as a weak verb"
},
"name": "gml-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 24 28 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 27 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to use, utilise, to make use of either an object or a right"
],
"id": "en-bruken-gml-verb-gc4hhm9X",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"utilise",
"utilise"
],
[
"make use",
"make use"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 24 28 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 27 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to enjoy, to have use from"
],
"id": "en-bruken-gml-verb-x3~-8Mr8",
"links": [
[
"enjoy",
"enjoy"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 16 84 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Low German entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 24 38 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Middle Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 24 28 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 27 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need"
],
"id": "en-bruken-gml-verb-fCXPH8yL",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 24 28 18",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 21 27 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to work in a craft"
],
"id": "en-bruken-gml-verb-skgZIYgF",
"links": [
[
"craft",
"craft"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bruːkən/"
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruken m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Noun 1",
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)"
],
"id": "en-bruken-nb-noun-rbzDRgiZ",
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruken m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Noun 1",
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)"
],
"id": "en-bruken-nn-noun-rbzDRgiZ",
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "bruken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 6 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of bruk"
],
"id": "en-bruken-sv-noun--RvPZx9s",
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewHg-",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German verbs",
"Low German weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"brûken",
"bruken#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"brūkan",
"brukan#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "gem-pro",
"inh": "2"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "brûken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German brûken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German brûken, Old Saxon brūkan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pagename",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "bruukt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "bruuk",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "bruukt",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Low German terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
3,
10
]
],
"english": "You don’t need to wait for me.",
"text": "Du bruukst nich op mi to töven.",
"translation": "You don’t need to wait for me.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to need to, to have to (in negation or with the adverb alleen (“just, only”), you can also use möten)"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
],
[
"alleen",
"alleen#Low_German"
],
[
"möten",
"möten"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Low German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewHg-",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German verbs",
"Low German weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"gebrūken",
"gebruken#Middle_Low_German"
],
[
"gibrūkan",
"gibrukan#Old_Saxon"
],
[
"*gabrūkaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gabrūkaną"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰrewHg-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "gebrūken"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German gebrūken",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "gibrūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon gibrūkan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*gabrūkaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German gebrūken, Old Saxon gibrūkan, from Proto-Germanic *gabrūkaną. See Etymology 1 above.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "pagename",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuks",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuk",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuke",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gebruukt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "bruukt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "bruuk",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "bruukt",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "bruken (third-person singular simple present bruukt, past tense bruuk, past participle bruukt, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Middle Dutch weak verbs",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "gebruken"
},
{
"word": "misbruken"
},
{
"word": "ontbruken"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "bruiken"
},
{
"lang": "Limburgish",
"lang_code": "li",
"word": "broeke"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*brūkan",
"Reconstruction:Old Dutch/brukan"
],
[
"*brūkan",
"Reconstruction:Proto-West Germanic/brūkan"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "odt",
"3": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch *brūkan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Dutch *brūkan, from Proto-West Germanic *brūkan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "dum-conj-wk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukens",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukene",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruucs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brukes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruucs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brukes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"past",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"second-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"second-person",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"plural",
"present",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"past",
"plural",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruken",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"past",
"plural",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuc",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruke",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bruuct",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "bruket",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"indicative",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brukende",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"participle",
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "verb",
"cat2": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "bruken",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "bruken",
"name": "dum-verb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bruk"
},
"name": "dum-conj-wk"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to use"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to enjoy (the use/benefit of)"
],
"links": [
[
"enjoy",
"enjoy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to lease (of land)"
],
"links": [
[
"lease",
"lease"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to sell (of small things)"
],
"links": [
[
"sell",
"sell"
]
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"categories": [
"Middle Low German entries with etymon",
"Middle Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Low German lemmas",
"Middle Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Middle Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Low German terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰrewHg-",
"Middle Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Low German verbs",
"Middle Low German weak verbs",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"word": "bruken"
},
{
"lang": "Danish",
"lang_code": "da",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruge"
},
{
"lang": "Icelandic",
"lang_code": "is",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brúka"
},
{
"lang": "Faroese",
"lang_code": "fo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brúka"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruke"
},
{
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruke"
},
{
"lang": "Polabian",
"lang_code": "pox",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "brükot"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ruukata"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bruka"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"brūkan",
"brukan#Old_Saxon"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "osx:brūkan"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰrewHg-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*brūkaną\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-West Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*brūkan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gmw-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Saxon\", \"term\" : \"brūkan\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"osx\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle Low German\", \"term\" : \"bruken\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"gml\" }\" data-lang=\"gml\" data-title=\"bruken\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "osx",
"3": "brūkan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon brūkan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Saxon brūkan",
"forms": [
{
"form": "brûken",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "weak",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gml-verb",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "brûken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tô brûkene",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tô brûkende",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "brûken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkent",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkende",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brûke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gebrûket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "brûket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "brûke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"indicative",
"participle",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brûke",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkedest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkedest",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brûket",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkede",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"subjunctive",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "brûken (brûket)",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkeden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"indicative",
"participle",
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "brûken",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present",
"subjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "brûkeden",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite",
"subjunctive"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "verb",
"head": "brûken"
},
"expansion": "brûken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "brûken",
"10": "brûket",
"11": "brûken (brûket^?)",
"12": "brûkede",
"13": "brûkedest",
"14": "brûkede",
"15": "brûkeden",
"16": "brûke",
"17": "brûkest",
"18": "brûket",
"19": "brûken",
"2": "tô brûkene or tô brûkende",
"20": "brûkede",
"21": "brûkedest",
"22": "brûkede",
"23": "brûkeden",
"24": "brûke",
"25": "brûkest",
"26": "brûket",
"27": "brûken (brûket¹)",
"28": "brûkede",
"29": "brûkedest",
"3": "brûken or brûkent",
"30": "brûkede",
"31": "brûkeden",
"32": "brûke",
"33": "brûkest",
"34": "brûket",
"35": "brûken",
"36": "brûkede",
"37": "brûkedest",
"38": "brûkede",
"39": "brûkeden",
"4": "brûkende",
"5": "gebrûket",
"6": "brûke",
"7": "brûket",
"8": "brûke",
"9": "brûkest",
"head": "<i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gml\">bruken</i> as a weak verb"
},
"name": "gml-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Low German",
"lang_code": "gml",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to use, utilise, to make use of either an object or a right"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use"
],
[
"utilise",
"utilise"
],
[
"make use",
"make use"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to enjoy, to have use from"
],
"links": [
[
"enjoy",
"enjoy"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to need"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to work in a craft"
],
"links": [
[
"craft",
"craft"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/bruːkən/"
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruken m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Bokmål",
"lang_code": "nb",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Bokmål entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Bokmål non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Bokmål noun forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Noun 1",
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)"
],
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Norwegian_Bokmål"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "bruket",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "noun form",
"g": "m",
"g2": "n"
},
"expansion": "bruken m or n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Norwegian Nynorsk",
"lang_code": "nn",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Norwegian Nynorsk entries with incorrect language header",
"Norwegian Nynorsk non-lemma forms",
"Norwegian Nynorsk noun forms",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"form_of": [
{
"extra": "Noun 1",
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite masculine singular of bruk (Noun 1)"
],
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Norwegian_Nynorsk"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
{
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "noun form"
},
"expansion": "bruken",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Swedish entries with incorrect language header",
"Swedish non-lemma forms",
"Swedish noun forms"
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "bruk"
}
],
"glosses": [
"definite plural of bruk"
],
"links": [
[
"bruk",
"bruk#Swedish"
]
],
"tags": [
"definite",
"form-of",
"plural"
]
}
],
"word": "bruken"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bruken meaning in All languages combined (22.6kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/865",
"msg": "inflection table: IF WITHOUT ELSE EVALS False: bruken/Middle Dutch 'base form' base_tags={'infinitive', 'weak'}",
"path": [
"bruken"
],
"section": "Middle Dutch",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bruken",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'plain infinitive'",
"path": [
"bruken"
],
"section": "Middle Low German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bruken",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'full infinitive (gerund)'",
"path": [
"bruken"
],
"section": "Middle Low German",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "bruken",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.